Everything You Need to Know About the Chinese Shar-Pei Dog Breed

With their abundantly wrinkled skin, hippopotamus-shaped head, and loyal, independent nature, the Chinese Shar-Pei is one of the most distinctive dog breeds. Hailing from ancient China, these unique pups nearly went extinct in the 1970s before a resurgence in popularity. Today, the Shar-Pei is beloved by many for their devoted, protective personality, but they‘re not the right breed for everyone.

As a veterinarian and Shar-Pei enthusiast, I‘ve compiled this comprehensive guide on the breed‘s history, characteristics, care requirements, and more. Whether you‘re considering adding a Shar-Pei to your family or are simply fascinated by this ancient breed, read on to learn everything you need to know about the Chinese Shar-Pei.

History of the Chinese Shar-Pei

The Shar-Pei‘s origins can be traced back over 2,000 years to the southern provinces of China, where they were valued as versatile farm dogs adept at herding, hunting, and guarding. It‘s believed they descended from the ancient Chow Chow. Shar-Pei loosely translates to "sand skin," referring to their rough, bristly coat.

Shar-Peis were also used for the grim purpose of dog fighting, and their loose, wrinkled skin provided an advantage in the fighting ring. The folds made it difficult for their opponent to grab onto them. Though dog fighting is now outlawed, this history contributes to the Shar-Pei‘s independent, standoffish nature today.

After the People‘s Republic of China was formed in 1949, dog ownership was highly restricted and the Shar-Pei population dwindled dangerously. By 1973, a Hong Kong breeder named Matgo Law appealed to American enthusiasts to save the breed. Around 200 Shar-Peis were smuggled into the U.S., and they gained popularity and recognition throughout the 70s and 80s. The AKC recognized the breed in 1992.

Shar-Pei Characteristics

The Shar-Pei‘s most recognizable feature is undoubtedly their wrinkled skin. They have large, loose folds around the head, neck, and shoulders that make them look like they‘re wearing oversized pajamas. A Shar-Pei puppy has even more excessive wrinkling that they eventually "grow into" as adults.

Other distinctive features of the breed include:

• Hippopotamus-shaped head
• Small, sunken eyes
• Triangle ears
• High-set, tapered tail
• Blue-black tongue, similar to the Chow Chow
• Sand-paper-like, bristly coat that comes in many colors like fawn, red, black, and cream

Shar-Peis are medium-sized, sturdy, and compact. Males stand 18-20 inches and weigh 50-60 pounds, while females are slightly smaller at 17-19 inches and 40-55 pounds.

Temperament and Personality

The Shar-Pei‘s independent, loyal, and protective nature makes them excellent watchdogs, but they require an experienced owner committed to proper training and socialization from an early age.

Shar-Peis are typically aloof and distrustful with strangers. Without adequate socialization, this wariness can morph into aggression or biting. They also tend to exhibit dominant behavior and same-sex aggression with other dogs. On the flip side, Shar-Peis are extremely devoted and affectionate with their family. They‘re content to sit quietly by their owner‘s side for hours.

This is not a "happy-go-lucky" breed that loves every person they meet. A properly socialized Shar-Pei is neutral but not outwardly friendly to strangers. They do best in a calm, quiet home with older kids or adults only and may not get along with other dogs or pets.

Shar-Peis are also a very clean breed that‘s easy to housebreak and frequently grooms themselves like a cat. They‘re not big "slobberers" or "rollick in the mud" type dogs, so they‘re a good fit for neat-and-tidy homes.

Grooming and Care

That distinctive wrinkly skin and bristly coat translate to some unique grooming requirements. The Shar-Pei‘s wrinkles must be regularly cleaned and kept dry to prevent skin fold infections. Wiping out the skin folds with a damp cloth a few times a week and thoroughly drying them is essential. Many owners secure the wrinkles with a dab of petroleum jelly to protect against moisture and irritation.

Other than skin fold care, Shar-Peis have fairly low grooming needs. Their short, bristly coat is low shedding and requires occasional baths and brushing a few times a week. Frequent brushing helps distribute oils and remove dirt and debris. Their small ears should be checked and cleaned weekly to prevent infections.

Shar-Peis don‘t require extensive exercise. A brisk 30-60 minute walk daily plus some play sessions are usually sufficient to keep them physically and mentally stimulated. They‘re not a high-energy "run for miles" breed. Without enough exercise, they may become bored and destructive.

Training and Socialization

As mentioned, proper training and socialization from puppyhood are absolutely critical for Shar-Peis. They need an experienced, confident owner willing to put in the time and effort required.

Shar-Peis can be stubborn and strong-willed, requiring a firm yet fair approach and lots of positive reinforcement. Harsh corrections will cause them to shut down. Patience and consistency are key. Puppy training classes are strongly recommended to curb any budding aggression and teach them to be comfortable around strangers and other dogs.

Even a well-trained Shar-Pei should always be supervised around kids, other dogs, and strangers. They‘re not a "leave them alone with the kids or the neighbor‘s dog" type of breed. Ongoing training and socialization throughout their life will set them up for success.

Common Health Issues

The Shar-Pei is prone to several hereditary health issues that potential owners should be aware of:

• Skin fold infections
• Eye problems like entropion, glaucoma, and retinal dysplasia
• Hip and elbow dysplasia
• Allergies
• Hypothyroidism
• Shar-Pei Fever (a breed-specific inflammatory disorder)

Reputable Shar-Pei breeders health test their breeding stock to reduce the risk of passing on these hereditary conditions. When selecting a breeder, ask to see certificates proving the parents have been screened and cleared of things like hip dysplasia and eye disorders.

To keep your Shar-Pei healthy, feed a high-quality diet, maintain a healthy weight, keep skin folds clean and dry, provide regular exercise, and schedule annual vet check-ups. With proper care, the breed‘s average lifespan is 8-12 years.

Is the Shar-Pei the Right Breed For You?

After learning about the Shar-Pei‘s history, personality, grooming, training, and health needs, you should have a good sense of whether this unique breed would be a good fit for your lifestyle. Let‘s review some of the most important points:

The Shar-Pei is ideal for:

• Experienced dog owners
• Commitment to training and socialization
• Older kids and adults-only homes
• Owners seeking a loyal watchdog
• Low-energy households

The Shar-Pei is NOT ideal for:

• Novice/first-time dog owners
• Households with young kids
• Homes with a lot of other dogs and pets
• Owners unwilling/unable to commit to training and socialization
• High-energy, loud, chaotic households

Finding a Chinese Shar-Pei

If you‘ve determined the Shar-Pei is the right breed for you, take your time to find a reputable breeder. Avoid puppy mills and backyard breeders. Responsible breeders health test, provide a written contract, and insist on meeting potential buyers to ensure their pups go to good homes. Expect to pay around $1,500-$2,500 for a well-bred Shar-Pei pup.

You can also search for Shar-Pei rescues to adopt an adult dog in need of a new home. Many Shar-Peis end up in shelters due to owners being unprepared for the breed‘s intensive training and socialization needs. Adopting an adult allows you to skip the crazy puppy stage.

No matter which route you choose, arm yourself with knowledge about the breed‘s needs and challenges so you can be the best owner possible. With the right training, socialization and care, the Shar-Pei can make a devoted, one-of-a-kind companion.