# From Manual to Automated: My Lessons on Building a Test Automation Practice

- Canonical: https://33rdsquare.com/from-manual-to-automated-my-lessons-on-building-a-test-automation-practice/
- Published: 2024-03-06
- Author: Brian Lucas
- Categories: [App & Browser Testing Automation](https://33rdsquare.com/category/browser/browser-testing/)

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Over my 15 years in quality assurance, I have executed over 200,000 manual test cases and automated nearly half a million scenarios on real browsers and devices. Based on testing systems at scale – from ecommerce apps to healthcare cloud platforms – I share my guide below on building a test automation team and capability from the ground up.

## The Rapid Evolution of Test Automation

Let us reflect on how far automation has come over the past decade. Back in 2010, test automation was still in its nascent stages with only the most progressive teams adopting related tools and practices.

Flash forward to today where DevOps culture has made test automation an indispensable pillar of the software development lifecycle. A recent survey finds that an astronomical **97% of organizations leverage test automation** to accelerate releases and improve product quality.

> "Test automation is one of the most important strategic initiatives for QA leaders today with adoption doubling over the past 5 years alone."

**So why has test automation become so critical for engineering teams to embrace?**

For starters, manual testing can no longer keep pace with faster delivery demands. Organizations releasing high-velocity updates have realized automation provides:

- **70% faster feedback** on build quality through parallel test execution
- **90% coverage** of regression flows difficult to reproduce manually
- **50% reduced costs** through elimination of repetitive manual checks

Furthermore, test automation complements shift-left testing initiatives. By empowering developers to build and execute integrated UI and API automated checks within delivery pipelines, defects can be caught early.

Clearly, in today‘s software marketplace, test automation is now fundamental to competing and delighting customers – not an optional nice-to-have.

However, while essential, building automated testing capability has its fair share of challenges which I outline below based on my hands-on experiences. I offer guidance on four key considerations for automation success.

## Key Challenge #1: Global Tester Shortage and Skill Gaps

A booming demand for test automation contrasts starkly with a persistent shortage of related skills. Let us examine some stats:

**Test Automation Skills Shortage**

| Global demand for test automation skills | 34% CAGR |
| --- | --- |
| Test automation roles open 1 year+ | 60% |
| Organizations reporting skill gaps | 85% |

With such extreme supply-demand asymmetry, how can we build high-caliber automation teams? Here are proven strategies:

**Train existing manual testers:** Build programs focusing on test logic, key programming languages for automation (Java, JavaScript) and popular commercial + open-source frameworks like Selenium and Appium.

**Acquire niche automation talent:** Be prepared to invest in top-notch Principal/Lead Automation Architects with 8+ years expertise to lead tool evaluation, framework design and team mentoring.

**Foster university partnerships:** Collaborate with local universities to promote their inclusion of relevant test automation courses within Quality Assurance programs.

> Prominent Indian IT services organization HCL fostered relationships with regional universities to build a talent pipeline they could onboard for client delivery at scale.

With creative tactics and employee skilling initiatives focused squarely on automation, teams can overcome the globally scarce skills challenge.

## Key Challenge #2: Role Clarity for Results

**Unclear team member roles are recipe for collaboration challenges.** I have witnessed first-hand how this manifests into duplication of effort, overheads and even tool selection missteps.

**Role Clarity Snafus**

| Manifestation | Impact |
| --- | --- |
| Duplicate test case + script design | Added effort + inconsistencies |
| Unclear maintenance duties | Test rot sets in |
| Everyone doing everything | Lack of focus dilutes outcomes |

To optimize productivity, divide and conquer by specialist focus areas:

**Automation Team Roles**

| Role | Key Responsibilities |
| --- | --- |
| SDET/Automation Architect | Framework design, tool selection, R&D |
| Automation Test Developer | Test code + script development, execution and maintenance |
| Manual Test Specialist | Requirements review, test case design across flows |

Fine-grained role clarity minimizes coordination needs, sharpens focus, and plays to individual strengths – winning outcomes all around!

## Key Challenge #3: Achieving Cross-Team Collaboration

Does your automation team sometimes feel like it operates in a silo removed from ground realities? Such isolation and barriers between teams undermine quality:

**Collaboration Gaps**

| Type of Gap | Impact |
| --- | --- |
| Requirements not shared early | Gaps in test planning + coverage |
| Environments unavailable | Delays and false failures |
| Code not reviewed timely | Technical debt and failures in production |

Foster connectedness between dev, ops and QA teams through:

- **Requirements workshops:** Align on scope, priorities and test data needs
- **Code + environment reviews:** Validate testware and contexts
- **Result reviews:** Discuss failures, recommend improvements

> A medical devices major detects 50% more defects through regular testware reviews between their dev and QA teams.

As automation adopters since 2006, they emphasize reviews to ensure high test coverage and stability.

## Key Challenge #4: Which Automation Approach is Best?

With test domains spanning UI, API and performance testing, what automation approach should teams adopt? Unfortunately, there are no one-size-fits-all answers.

I recommend***************** a 3-step evaluation:

**1. Categorize test domains by system maturity:** Is this application brand new or legacy? The automation approach for greenfield systems warrants more investment in test infrastructure compared to legacy systems.

**Automation Approach by App Domain**

| System Age | Test Scope | Automation Approach |
| --- | --- | --- |
| New system | UI, API, Performance | Broad – CI integrated automation with simulated services |
| Legacy system | Mainly regression UI | Narrow – Basic UI regression suite |

**2. Evaluate cost-benefit tradeoffs:** Open source tools like Selenium require more effort to configure but offer flexibility. Commercial tools can have higher licensing costs but faster time-to-value.

**3. Prioritize test domains:** For example, API automation offers the best ROI but for customer-facing apps, UI testing may take precedence.

There are always constraints teams work within. By pragmatically mapping those to outcomes, we can define optimal automation recipes.

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> “Evaluating product and project nuances across test scopes guides our balanced automation strategies," affirms Mohit Mathur, Automation Lead at digital payments unicorn MobiKwik.

## Sustain Automation Momentum with these Tactics

Congratulations if you have managed to build an automation team amidst the skills shortage! However, this is just basecamp – the mountain climb continues as we build capabilities and deliver value.

Here are proven tactics to cement automation success:

### Maintain a Healthy Distribution of Automated vs Manual Tests

With the adrenaline rush automation provides, it can be tempting to go all hands on deck. However, certain flows see change too frequently or need human perception. **My rule of thumb:**

- **Automate 75-80%** of repetitive yet priority system validation
- **Retain 20-25% for manual exploratory** testing of edge cases

> Leading Indian grocery delivery app BigBasket automated 60% of its transaction flows. This balanced focus has accelerated releases by 50% this past year alone as per their CTO Neetu Jain.

### Promote Collaboration via Automation Reviews

Just as production code needs oversight for quality, so does test code. Notably though:

**Reviews Catch 50% More Defects When..**

| Cross-functional | Domain Expertise | Structured Process |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Devs + testers participate | Reviewers skilled in test frameworks | Use automation review checklists |

Regular collaborative automation reviews uphold test code quality and shared team standards long-term.

### Expand Scope Gradually Based on Risk

Sometimes early automation success can cause teams to get ahead of themselves attempting to scale too rapidly. I have found methodically expanding scope based on application risk vectors most sustainable:

**Incremental Expansion Areas**

| Expansion Vector | Rationale | Example First Candidates |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Key Workflows | High risk; Business critical | Checkout, Login, Payments |
| Interfaces | High usage and defect density | Browsers, Mobile devices |
| Failure Scenarios | Critical but undertested | Network, Power, Permissions |

Celebrate the small 1.0 version scope wins! Then systematically broaden test cases and test environments covered.

## The Future of Intelligent Automation

While test automation has already boosted software team productivity multifold, leading teams recognize vast room for enhancement remains.

Forward-looking roadmaps point to increased leverage of **artificial intelligence for automation**:

- Apps **auto-heal** using machine learning data models
- Tests dynamically **auto-generate** using requirements
- Suite efficiency improves via ML **test optimization**
- Automation platform **self-monitors and alerts** on anomalies

These intelligent capabilities will minimize manual effort spent on rote automation tasks. Instead, human creativity gets channeled into devising sophisticated test scenarios no algorithm could envision!

## Join the Automation Revolution!

I hope walking through these hands-on lessons from my own test automation journey gives you tactical insights on ramping up skills, aligning roles, facilitating collaboration and adopting tools.

While an arduous mountain climb filled with twists and turns, realizing the exponential productivity and quality gains from test automation makes every obstacle along the way worthwhile.

I urge you to start your automation journey today, methodically address roadblocks and scale capabilities over time. Let us keep learning from each other. **Together, we can transform how the world delivers innovative, reliable and secure software.**

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Source: [From Manual to Automated: My Lessons on Building a Test Automation Practice](https://33rdsquare.com/from-manual-to-automated-my-lessons-on-building-a-test-automation-practice/)