What is the Korean Card Game Called Hwatu? An Introduction to the Flower Cards of Korea

For centuries, Hwatu (화투) – flowery playing cards bearing the soul of each season – have been cherished by countless generations of Koreans. Far more than just a deck of cards, Hwatu represents an artistic slice of Korean history and culture.

In this comprehensive guide, we‘ll explore the origins, symbolism, gameplay, and cultural impact of Korea‘s favorite card game. Whether you‘re a collector of international playing cards or just want to learn an exciting new game, read on to discover the world of Hwatu!

A Brief History of Hwatu Cards in Korea

Hwatu, meaning "flower cards" in Korean, originated from Japanese Hanafuda – flower cards depicting the 12 months of the year. Each month is represented by a flower or plant that blooms or ripens in that season.

When Japan occupied Korea from 1905 to 1945, they brought Hanafuda with them. The cards quickly spread through the peninsula, becoming popular among all classes of Korean society.

But Koreans didn‘t just adopt Hanafuda as it was. Local artisans started crafting Hwatu decks with distinct Korean flower art, colors, and themes. The plum blossom, orchid, chrysanthemum, bamboo, and pine (collectively called the Five Friends of Winter) frequently appeared on cards.

Traditional Hwatu decks used natural dyes on mulberry paper or silk. The backs were left minimalist, in simple red or black. Over time, craftsmanship evolved to feature bolder colors and more elaborate card backs.

While the Japanese occupation ended in 1945, Hwatu remained. The cards had become deeply rooted in Korean leisure culture. Today, vibrant modern decks showcase Korea‘s pride in this heritage game.

Structure of a Hwatu Deck

Hwatu decks contain 48 cards, each representing one of the 12 months of the year. Each month has 4 cards numbered 1 to 4. Here‘s the structure:

• January – Pine tree (잣)
• February – Plum blossom (매화)
• March – Cherry blossom (벚나무)
• April – Iris (붓꽃)
• May – Peony (모란)
• June – Bamboo (대)
• July – Lotus (연꽃)
• August – Pear blossom (배꽃)
• September – Chrysanthemum (국화)
• October – Maple (단풍)
• November – Willow (柳)
• December – Paulownia (영산홍)

The card artwork depicts the flower or plant of each month in vivid color. Cards are small, about 1 3/8” by 2 1/8”, and noticeably thicker than Western playing cards.

Hwatu decks are sometimes called "flower cards" in English. Don‘t confuse them with European suited flower playing cards! Hwatu have a unique structure all their own.

How to Play Go-Stop, Korea‘s Favorite Hwatu Game

While Hwatu cards can be used for many games, the most popular by far is Go-Stop (고스톱). Also called Godori, it‘s a fishing and shedding game for 2 to 4 players using a full 48-card Hwatu deck.

The objective is to collect cards in runs (1, 2, 3, 4 of the same suit) and familiar sets (same card in all 4 months). Players take turns drawing and discarding, working to create scoring combinations.

When you make a scoring play, you can choose to “stop” and collect points, or “go” and continue playing to build more combos. Play continues until someone stops or the deck runs out.

It only takes a few minutes to learn, but Go-Stop offers great depth for strategy. Aggressive play risks newer opponents stopping early. But play it safe, and experienced players will ruthlessly "go" and rack up huge hands.

I could write pages breaking down tactics, but the best way to learn is to grab a deck and play! Go-Stop has hooked millions of Koreans across generations, whether as a family game or serious sport.

For beginners, I recommend starting with 2 players using a simplified ruleset. The game is called Matgo when played 1-on-1. Once you‘ve got that down, add more opponents and advanced rules like jokers, animals, and rainbows.

There‘s a vibrant Go-Stop tournament scene in Korea and clubs around the world. It‘s not just for elderly Korean grandpas! People of all ages play socially and competitively.

Other Fun Hwatu Games to Try

While Go-Stop dominates the scene, Hwatu cards also work for plenty of other lively games. Here are a few favorites:

• Seotda – A climbing game where players arrange cards in runs, adding to them each turn. Unique combinations score extra points.

• Hwatu Karuta – Players race to slap matching cards from a central pile, like the Japanese game Hanafuda Koi-Koi. Fast reflexes rule here!

• Sweet Potato – Pick "sweet potato" cards from a central pile, trying to collect 4-of-a-kinds. Speed and memory are key.

• Stud Poker – Hwatu‘s number cards can be used to play poker variations like five-card and seven-card stud.

• Hwatu Baccarat – With imaginative ruling, the cards can substitute for baccarat or blackjack too. Gambling is in Hwatu‘s blood!

There are dozens more Hwatu games waiting to be uncovered. Part of the fun is using the beautiful cards in new and creative ways!

The Cultural Significance of Hwatu in Korea

Cards may just seem like cardboard and ink, but in Korea, Hwatu reflects the country‘s very spirit. Beyond gaming, it has cultural importance:

• Children receive Hwatu decks as gifts for Lunar New Year and other holidays. They represent hopes for their future.

• Friends and families gather during Chuseok and festivals to play long games while snacking on songpyeon rice cakes.

• Elders traditionally taught children and grandchildren the arts of Hwatu, passing down wisdom.

• Professional leagues, tournaments, and TV shows have popularized Hwatu as both recreation and serious sport.

• The cards‘ natural flower art captures Korea‘s deep respect of nature and the seasons.

• Regional styles of Hwatu artwork reflect local pride and beauty across Korea.

Hwatu has ventured well beyond its gambling origins to become a celebration of community, heritage, and life‘s pleasures. The “language of flowers” speaks volumes about Korean culture.

Learning to Play Hwatu as a Newcomer

As a newcomer to Hwatu, how can you discover the joy of these timeless Korean "flower cards"?

First, get an attractive Hwatu deck that appeals to you aesthetically. Modern cards come in diverse artistic styles fit for framing!

Make some Korean friends, and ask them to teach you Go-Stop or a simple game. Learning together makes card games even more fun.

Find online guides, videos, and apps to learn rules and strategies for Hwatu‘s many games. Some offer AI opponents to hone skills. Don‘t be afraid to lose at first!

Check for Hwatu groups on social media or in your community. Join to find fellow players, tournaments, and cultural events.

Start your own Hwatu game night with food, drinks, and music. Or try incorporating cards into an existing gathering for new excitement.

Mastering Hwatu is a lifetime journey, but the first step is shuffling that deck for the very first time. Let the beauty of the cards speak to you, and learn why Koreans have adored them for generations. Hwatu saranghae (We love Hwatu)!