9 Irish Dog Breeds: Pictures, History & Overview
Irish Dog Breeds: A Proud Legacy of Loyalty, Heart and Spirit
Introduction
For a small island nation, Ireland has made an outsized contribution to the world of dogs. This lush, green land is the birthplace of not one but nine distinct dog breeds, each with a fascinating history and unique set of characteristics. From the majestic Irish Wolfhound to the spirited Irish Terrier, these native breeds embody the best traits of the Irish spirit – courageous yet kind, hard-working yet playful, proud yet unpretentious.
In this in-depth guide, we‘ll take a close look at each of the nine Irish breeds recognized by the Irish Kennel Club and American Kennel Club. We‘ll explore their origins in Irish history and culture, their traditional working roles, their transition to beloved companions and show dogs, and what makes them so special. Whether you‘re considering adding an Irish breed to your family or simply appreciate learning about these remarkable dogs, read on to discover the allure of Irish dog breeds.
The Big Red Dogs: Irish Setters and Irish Red & White Setters
When many people think of Irish dog breeds, the first image that comes to mind is a magnificent, red-coated dog galloping through a field. They‘re likely picturing one of Ireland‘s two native setter breeds: the Irish Setter and the Irish Red & White Setter.
Both breeds are athletic, medium-to-large sized gundogs originally developed hundreds of years ago to assist hunters by locating and setting (pointing) game birds. The solid red Irish Setter as we know it today was developed in the 19th century, while the Red & White Setter, considered the original Irish Setter, retains the flashy red and white coloring of earlier setters.
Besides their coloring, the breeds have much in common. They‘re known for being high-energy, eager-to-please and affectionate dogs that thrive with active owners who can give them space to run. Though they make gentle, loving companions, the breeds‘ strong hunting instincts remain – so care must be taken around small animals. These stunning setters also require frequent grooming to maintain their silky coats.
While initially overshadowed by its red cousin, the Irish Red & White Setter has seen a surge of popularity in recent decades thanks to dedicated breeders. Both setter breeds remain in demand as gundogs and family pets, prized for their beauty, athleticism and outgoing personalities.
The Spunky Terriers: Irish Terrier, Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier, Kerry Blue Terrier and Glen of Imaal Terrier
The Emerald Isle is also home to not one but four distinct terrier breeds: the Irish Terrier, Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier, Kerry Blue Terrier, and Glen of Imaal Terrier. Though they range in size from the compact Glen to the medium-sized Kerry Blue, these plucky pups share many quintessential terrier traits.
Historically, terriers were employed on Irish farms to control vermin, guard property and livestock, and hunt small game. They were prized for their courage, tenacity and intelligence – qualities that still define Irish terrier breeds today, though thankfully the rat catching duties are mostly a thing of the past!
The Irish Terrier is the oldest of the four, with descriptions of red terriers dating back to the 1700s. Nicknamed the "daredevil" for its bold but good-tempered demeanor, this lively breed has proven extremely versatile, distinguishing itself in everything from police work to theater.
The Wheaten and Kerry Blue trace their roots to the Irish Blue Terrier of the 1800s. Legend has it that the Kerry Blue originated from a dog who swam ashore from a shipwrecked Spanish Armada vessel and was bred with local terriers. Whatever the case, the Kerry‘s striking blue-gray coat has made it an unmistakable presence in show rings and as the national dog of Ireland.
Meanwhile, the Soft-Coated Wheaten developed as the "poor man‘s dog" – the terrier of choice for common folk who were prohibited from owning hunting hounds under class-based laws. Today, the breed‘s teddy bear looks and less wiry coat make the Wheaten a popular family pet.
Finally, we have the rarest of the Irish terriers, the Glen of Imaal. This scruffy, low-to-ground breed from the remote Wicklow Mountains may have the unusual distinction of being a "turnspit dog" – tasked with running on a wheel to operate cooking spits in the kitchens of the past! The Glen shares the lively, determined nature of its terrier cousins in a smaller, perhaps less excitable package.
The Water-Loving Irishman: Irish Water Spaniel
Not to be confused with the setters, the Irish Water Spaniel is Ireland‘s contribution to the world of water dogs. With a history stretching back to the 1100s, this striking curly-coated spaniel was refined in the 1800s to be an all-around hunting companion specializing in retrieving waterfowl.
Its dense, water-repellent double coat, muscular build and webbed feet make the Irish Water Spaniel a strong swimmer even in frigid waters. Equally at home on land, this versatile gun dog can work tirelessly in any terrain. The tallest of the spaniels, the IWS has a distinctive "rat tail" and can range in color from milky chocolate to deep liver.
As a pet, the Irish Water Spaniel is known for being an intelligent, active and family-oriented dog that‘s as quick to snuggle on the couch as it is to dive into a lake. Though the breed remains more popular in its native Ireland, it has gained fans worldwide for its unique looks and merry disposition.
The Gentle Giants: Irish Wolfhound
Rivaling the setters as the most famous Irish breed is the Irish Wolfhound, a giant sighthound shrouded in ancient legend and beloved as a symbol of Irish culture. This "gentle giant" is the tallest of all dog breeds, standing at least 32 inches at the shoulder.
Evidence suggests large sighthounds have existed in Ireland for thousands of years, possibly descended from Middle Eastern Coursing hounds. By the 15th century, these majestic dogs were being used to hunt wolves, wild boar and Irish elk. So prized were they that Irish laws prohibited exporting them and made wolfhound ownership a privilege of nobility.
Unfortunately, this mighty breed nearly disappeared in the 1800s after hunting its large quarry to extinction in Ireland. Determined breeders used the few remaining hounds and outcrossings to Scottish Deerhounds to resurrect the Irish Wolfhound – resulting in the slightly more massive but still regal and swift dog we know today.
While it may no longer pursue wolves, the Irish Wolfhound retains a strong prey drive and requires space and exercise to thrive. That said, this sensitive, sweet-natured breed is more of a quiet companion than fierce hunter these days, known for being patient and loving with children despite its imposing size.
The Lively Little Fox Hunter: Kerry Beagle
Perhaps the most surprising entry among Irish breeds is the Kerry Beagle – which, despite its name, is not a beagle at all, but a medium-sized scenthound! Believed to be one of Ireland‘s oldest breeds, this lightly-built, fleet-footed hunter is thought to descend from the Old Southern Hound or Celtic Hounds of antiquity.
Traditionally used to hunt foxes and hares in County Kerry, the Kerry Beagle has a keen nose and a musical voice it uses to great effect in packs. A skilled hunter, it is nonetheless a friendly, good-natured, and easy-to-train companion. Though still rare and primarily a working dog in Ireland, this merry, affectionate breed could have wider appeal as a pet.
Irish Pride
With such a rich canine legacy, it‘s no wonder that the Irish take immense pride in their native dog breeds. The Irish love of dogs is evident in everything from family crests bearing wolfhounds to the prominent place of the Kerry Blue Terrier as a national symbol.
Many Irish breeds enjoy particularly strong followings in Ireland, with dedicated organizations devoted to supporting and promoting them. The Irish Kennel Club and Irish breed clubs hold specialties, working tests, and fun events. Native breeds are also popular entrants at the Saint Patrick‘s Day dog show in Dublin.
Yet the appeal of Irish breeds extends far beyond Ireland itself. From the Southern United States where setters remain prized bird dogs to homes worldwide where Irish Terriers and Wheatens are beloved pets, these charming and capable canines have made their mark. Sadly, some of the breeds, like the Glen of Imaal and Kerry Beagle, remain quite rare and could benefit from more recognition.
Fortunately, Irish breeds tend to be long-lived and relatively healthy compared to many pure-bred dogs. Of course, they are still prone to certain inherited conditions that conscientious breeders screen for. Irish breeds, like the Irish themselves, are also known for having a good sense of humor and not taking themselves too seriously!
Choosing an Irish Breed
If you‘re considering opening your heart and home to an Irish dog, it‘s important to research the breeds thoroughly to find the best fit. While each is unique, Irish breeds tend to be intelligent, high-energy dogs that require exercise, training and human interaction to be at their happiest. In return, they will be loyal, affectionate companions with a zest for life.
From apartment-friendly terriers to high-octane bird dogs, from sensitive giant hounds to merry spaniels, the Irish breeds offer something for many lifestyles. While some may be content with a romp around the backyard or a walk in the park, others will be keen for adventure – whether it‘s coursing in a field, swimming in a pond, or learning new tricks.
Especially if you‘re interested in a setter, spaniel or terrier, you must be willing to satisfy their need for physical and mental activity to avoid boredom and behavioral issues. Recall that these breeds have long histories as working dogs – a heritage that remains part of who they are, even in our modern world.
Grooming needs also vary among the breeds, from the Wolfhound and Wheaten‘s abundant locks that require frequent brushing to the lower-maintenance coats of the Kerry Beagle and some of the terriers. Regardless of coat type, regular nail trims, ear checks and dental care are musts. And it‘s always advisable to get your dog from a responsible breeder who tests for health issues.
Conclusion
From their winsome expressions to their wagging tails, Irish dog breeds capture the essence of the Irish spirit in all its complex glory. Courageous and kind, industrious and fun-loving, proud yet affable, these dogs have been shaped by the Irish land and culture just as they have contributed to its tapestry.
Though they no longer fill the traditional roles of their forebearers, today‘s Irish breeds continue to distinguish themselves – excelling at everything from field work to therapy visits, obedience trials to family life. In so doing, they honor the legacy of generations of Irish dogs and breeders before them.
To live with an Irish dog breed is to experience a piece of living history – to share your life with a canine companion whose very existence tells a story of human creativity, practicality and partnership with nature. As we preserve and celebrate these native Irish breeds, we keep those ancient connections alive.
As an Irish Wolfhound breeder once wrote, "Irish Wolfhounds possess a soul that reflects the very essence of the Irish people with their great heart and fighting spirit." The same could be said of each of Ireland‘s native breeds. To know an Irish dog is to love one – and to carry a bit of the magic of the Emerald Isle with you wherever you go.
