Maltese vs. Shih Tzu: The Differences (With Pictures)

Maltese vs Shih Tzu: Comparing Two Regal Toy Breeds

When it comes to pint-sized companion dogs with glamorous good looks, the Maltese and Shih Tzu are two breeds that stand out from the crowd. With their silky coats, soulful expressions, and loving dispositions, it‘s no wonder these ancient breeds have captured hearts for centuries. But while the Maltese and Shih Tzu certainly have a lot in common, there are also some key differences to consider when choosing between them.

As a veterinarian and lifelong dog lover, I‘ve had plenty of experience with both Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs over the years. In this in-depth breed comparison, I‘ll share my insights on their histories, personalities, grooming needs, and more. By the end, you‘ll have a much better understanding of what sets these two regal breeds apart.

History of the Maltese and Shih Tzu
First, let‘s travel back in time to uncover the origins of the Maltese and Shih Tzu. The Maltese is thought to be one of the oldest dog breeds in existence, with a history stretching back over 2,000 years. These silky lapdogs were developed on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea, where they became prized pets among nobles and even royalty.

Ancient Greeks and Romans were particularly fond of Maltese dogs. In fact, the Roman poet Martial once described the Maltese as being as white as snow and as delicate as a virgin. Over time, seafarers helped spread these compact canines far and wide, solidifying the Maltese as the ultimate status symbol for aristocratic families.

The Shih Tzu, on the other hand, traces its roots to ancient China. This breed is believed to have evolved from Tibetan breeding stock and was a favorite among Chinese emperors during the Tang Dynasty over a thousand years ago. In imperial courts, pampered Shih Tzus were said to follow their masters everywhere and even sleep in their beds.

According to legend, the Shih Tzu gets its name from a Mandarin Chinese term that translates to "lion dog"—a nod to the breed‘s courageous attitude that belies its small size. The Shih Tzu remained largely unknown to the Western world until the 1930s, when breeding pairs were imported to England and Norway. Since then, these "chrysanthemum-faced" charmers have won admirers across the globe.

Physical Characteristics Compared
Now that we‘ve explored some breed history, let‘s take a closer look at the physical characteristics of the Maltese vs Shih Tzu. The most obvious difference is coat color. Maltese are always pure white, with silky hair that falls straight to the floor if left untrimmed. Shih Tzus, in contrast, come in a rainbow of colors from black to gold to liver, as well as in many different bi-color and tri-color patterns.

In terms of size, Maltese are generally a bit smaller overall. According to AKC breed standards, Maltese typically stand 8-10 inches tall and weigh under 7 pounds when fully grown. Shih Tzus are usually 9-10.5 inches in height and weigh 9-16 pounds on average. So while there is some overlap, Shih Tzus do tend to be slightly larger and sturdier than dainty Maltese.

From the neck up, Maltese have more elongated, tapered muzzles compared to Shih Tzus. A Shih Tzu‘s face appears flatter, with a broader skull, shorter nose, and more pronounced eyes. These facial features are hallmarks of the brachycephalic (meaning "short-headed") group of dog breeds, which also includes Pugs, French Bulldogs, and Pekingese.

Brachycephalic traits can be quite adorable, but they also make Shih Tzus more prone to certain health issues like breathing difficulties, dental crowding, and eye problems. We‘ll talk more about health a bit later on.

Temperament and Personality
Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs were both developed primarily as companion animals, so it‘s no surprise they have some personality traits in common. In general, dogs of both breeds absolutely adore their people and thrive on attention and affection from their owners. They‘re loyal lapdogs through and through, always happiest when they‘re right by your side (or on your lap).

That said, there are some differences in overall energy levels and dispositions between the two breeds. Maltese tend to have a more playful, inquisitive nature. They‘re very smart, lively little dogs that love to run and play with their favorite humans or dog pals. Maltese are known to zoom around the house and prance proudly with their heads held high.

Shih Tzus, while certainly still playful, are usually calmer and a bit less energetic than Maltese overall. A Shih Tzu is the ultimate lap dog, content to laze the day away snuggled up next to you. They have a more mellow, slightly stubborn streak compared to "busy body" Maltese.

Of course, it‘s important to recognize that all dogs are individuals. These are just general breed tendencies, and a dog‘s unique personality will depend a lot on breeding, socialization, and environment too. Both Maltese and Shih Tzus can be prone to separation anxiety if left alone for long periods, so they do best with owners who are home often to shower them with love and attention.

When it comes to kids and other pets, Maltese and Shih Tzus are both generally quite good-natured and accepting. They usually get along well with other dogs and non-canine pets in the household. That said, their small size puts them at risk of injury, so close supervision is a must around children. Teaching kids how to properly interact with small dogs is crucial.

Grooming and General Care
If you‘re considering a Maltese or Shih Tzu, be prepared to make grooming a big part of your life together! Both breeds have high-maintenance coats that require daily brushing and regular trims to stay looking their best. Without frequent brushing, mats and tangles can quickly take over, leading to skin irritation and even infection.

For the ultimate glamorous look, Maltese and Shih Tzu coats can be left long and flowing with the fur reaching all the way to the ground. However, many pet owners opt to have the body clipped shorter into a "puppy cut" for easier maintenance. Even with a shorter ‘do, expect to brush several times a week and schedule professional grooming appointments every 4-6 weeks.

As far as shedding goes, Maltese are very low shedders, while Shih Tzus are considered moderate shedders. Neither breed is hypoallergenic, but Maltese are often a bit easier for mild allergy sufferers to tolerate. Regular brushing and bathing can help keep dander and shedding under control.

Fortunately, both breeds have pretty low exercise needs and are well-suited for apartment living. A few short daily walks and some indoor playtime are usually sufficient to keep Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs happy and healthy. Just be cautious about overexertion, especially in hot weather, as Shih Tzus‘ flat faces make them prone to heat stroke.

Trainability and Intelligence
Don‘t let their small size and cute faces fool you—Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs are surprisingly smart cookies! Both breeds are quite intelligent and pick up new commands quickly with positive reinforcement training methods. Like most toy breeds, they can have a stubborn, independent streak at times. Consistency, patience, and plenty of yummy treats are the keys to success.

Early socialization is extremely important for Maltese and Shih Tzu puppies to help them grow into confident, well-adjusted adult dogs. Exposing them to new people, pets, and experiences from a young age can help prevent fear and anxiety down the road.

Housetraining is one area where many toy dog owners struggle. Tiny bladders combined with a strong stubborn streak can make potty training a Maltese or Shih Tzu a real challenge. The key is to start early, stick to a consistent routine, and reward successful outdoor potty trips with high-value treats and praise. Indoor puppy pads can be helpful in the short term, especially for urban dwellers, but it‘s important not to rely on them longer than necessary.

Health Problems to Watch For
Health-wise, Maltese have a slight advantage over Shih Tzus. As a brachycephalic breed, Shih Tzus are more prone to breathing issues like tracheal collapse, elongated soft palate, and stenotic nares (narrowed nostrils). These conditions can make it difficult for Shih Tzus to breathe normally, especially in warm weather or during exercise.

Shih Tzus‘ protruding eyes are also more vulnerable to injury and issues like cherry eye, dry eye, and entropion/ectropion (inward/outward-rolling eyelids). They are also prone to dental problems due to their crowded, misaligned teeth. Regular dental cleanings and daily tooth brushing at home are a must.

Maltese aren‘t brachycephalic, so they tend to have fewer respiratory issues on average. They are, however, predisposed to some genetic conditions like luxating patellas (slipping kneecaps), portosystemic shunt (a liver issue), and white dog shaker syndrome (a neurological disorder).

Both breeds are also at higher risk for skin allergies, which can cause itchy paws, ear infections, and hair loss. A grain-free diet may be helpful for allergy-prone Maltese and Shih Tzus.

With proper care, Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs often enjoy long lifespans. Maltese live 12-15 years on average, while Shih Tzus typically live 10-16 years. The key is to work closely with your veterinarian to stay on top of preventive care and address any health concerns promptly.

Wrap-Up: Which Breed is Best for You?
So when it comes to the Maltese vs Shih Tzu debate, which breed comes out on top? The truth is, both of these regal toy breeds make absolutely wonderful companion dogs for the right person or family. They‘re affectionate, loyal, and full of love to give!

If you‘re looking for a small dog with a lively, playful spirit, the vivacious Maltese may be your perfect match. These elegant charmers tend to be a bit hardier overall than Shih Tzus, with fewer respiratory and eye issues on average.

On the flip side, if your idea of canine bliss is a calm, cuddly lap dog, the mellow Shih Tzu will definitely deliver. These sweet pups are content to while away the day being pampered and adored. Just be prepared to stay on top of any potential health issues with your vet‘s guidance.

Whichever breed you choose, grooming will be a big part of your life together. Daily brushing and regular haircuts are essential to keep your Maltese or Shih Tzu looking and feeling fabulous. But for many devoted owners, that extra primping time is a small price to pay for a lifetime of unconditional love from these special small dogs.