The Majestic Old German Shepherd Dog: A Comprehensive Breed Guide

As a lifelong dog lover and German Shepherd enthusiast, I‘ve always been fascinated by the history and evolution of this incredible breed. While the modern German Shepherd is a familiar sight as a police and military dog, family companion, and show ring star, there is another variety that fewer people are aware of: the majestic old German Shepherd dog.

Also known as the Altdeutscher Schäferhund or old-style German Shepherd, these striking dogs hearken back to the original late 19th-century herding dogs that formed the foundation of the breed. Larger, shaggier, and more wolf-like in appearance than their modern counterparts, old German Shepherds are a rare and cherished link to the past.

History of the Old German Shepherd

To truly appreciate old German Shepherds, it‘s essential to understand their origins. In the 1890s, German cavalry officer Max von Stephanitz began a concerted effort to standardize and improve local herding dogs, with the aim of creating the ideal working dog. He carefully selected and bred dogs from the central and northern districts of Germany, focusing on traits like intelligence, strength, speed, and keen senses.

The dogs von Stephanitz developed became the ancestors of today‘s German Shepherd dog. The first registered German Shepherd was Horand von Grafrath, a male born in 1895 who became the foundation stud for the breed. Horand and his offspring were prized for their herding abilities, loyalty, and versatility.

As the need for herding dogs declined in the early 20th century, von Stephanitz and other breeders began to focus on adapting the German Shepherd for other roles. The breed‘s intelligence, trainability, and courage made them ideal candidates for police and military work. German Shepherds served with distinction in both World Wars as messenger dogs, search and rescue dogs, and sentries.

However, as the German Shepherd gained popularity as a working dog and family pet, some enthusiasts worried that the breed was losing its original character. In post-war West Germany, breeders increasingly selected for the dramatic, sloping topline and extreme rear angulation that is associated with modern show line German Shepherds. While these exaggerated features may be eye-catching in the show ring, many argue that they detract from the breed‘s working ability and overall health.

In contrast, breeders in East Germany largely eschewed these trends and instead focused on preserving the original, functional type of herding German Shepherd. These dogs, which came to be known as old-style or old German Shepherds, more closely resembled the early foundation dogs of the breed. While they became increasingly rare in the late 20th century, a dedicated group of breeders and fanciers have worked to protect and promote these old bloodlines.

Physical Characteristics of Old German Shepherds

One of the most striking things about old German Shepherds is their appearance. They are often significantly larger and more substantial than modern German Shepherds, with males standing 24-26 inches at the shoulder and weighing 75-95 pounds, and females ranging from 22-24 inches and 60-80 pounds.

Old German Shepherds have a distinctively lupine appearance, with broad heads, strong jaws, and a noble, regal expression. Their ears are large and upright, and their eyes are almond-shaped and dark. They have a more pronounced stop (forehead) and a longer, wider muzzle than modern German Shepherds.

Another key difference is coat type. While modern German Shepherds have a medium-length double coat that lies close to the body, old German Shepherds boast a thick, luxurious coat with a harsh outer layer and a dense undercoat. They often have a pronounced mane around the neck and shoulders, feathering on the legs, and a bushy tail. Common colors include black and tan, sable, solid black, and bi-color (black and cream).

Perhaps the most noticeable difference, however, is in the structure and proportions of the old German Shepherd. Unlike the dramatically sloped back and crouched hindquarters of the modern show lines, old-style German Shepherds have a much straighter, leveler topline and a more upright, natural posture. This reflects their working heritage, as a straight back and strong, sturdy hips and legs are essential for tireless trotting and quick, agile movements.

Temperament and Training

Old German Shepherds share many of the admirable qualities that have made German Shepherds one of the world‘s most popular breeds. They are known for their keen intelligence, unwavering loyalty, and fearless protective instincts. They bond very strongly with their owners and are generally good with children when raised with them.

However, old-fashioned German Shepherds also tend to have some key temperamental differences from their modern counterparts. They are often more independent and less eager to please, with a "harder" temperament that reflects their working origins. They have a high tolerance for discomfort and correction and are slow to back down from a challenge.

While these traits were highly valued in a herding and guard dog, they can make old German Shepherds a handful for inexperienced owners. These dogs require firm, consistent leadership and extensive socialization from an early age. They do best with positive reinforcement training methods that challenge their minds and keep them engaged.

Like all German Shepherds, old-style GSDs are very active and athletic dogs that need ample daily exercise. However, their endurance and drive is often even greater, necessitating a minimum of 2-3 hours of vigorous activity per day. Failing to meet their exercise needs can result in boredom, destructive behavior, and even aggression.

Old German Shepherds excel in a variety of dog sports and working roles. They are naturals at herding, tracking, protection work, and obedience. With their powerful sense of smell, they also make excellent search and rescue dogs, drug detection dogs, and explosives detection dogs. Many old-style GSDs have served with distinction in police and military roles, as well as being valued farm and ranch hands.

Health and Care

As with all purebred dogs, old German Shepherds can be prone to certain inherited health conditions. Some of the most common issues in the breed include:

• Hip and elbow dysplasia: Developmental abnormalities of the hip and elbow joints that can cause pain, lameness, and arthritis. According to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, 19.1% of German Shepherds are affected by hip dysplasia and 16.6% by elbow dysplasia.
• Degenerative myelopathy: A progressive neurological disease that causes weakness and paralysis in the hind legs. Roughly 13.5% of German Shepherds are carriers for the genetic mutation that causes DM.
• Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: A digestive disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce enough enzymes to properly digest food. EPI affects an estimated 1 in 100 German Shepherds.
• Bloat: A life-threatening condition in which the stomach fills with gas and twists on itself. Large, deep-chested breeds like German Shepherds are at higher risk.

Responsible breeders of old German Shepherds strive to produce healthy, sound dogs by carefully selecting breeding stock and performing recommended health tests. When seeking an old German Shepherd puppy, look for a breeder who is transparent about health issues in their lines and who provides proof of health clearances for hips, elbows, and DM.

Grooming an old German Shepherd is more involved than a standard GSD due to their longer, thicker coats. Weekly brushing is a must to prevent matting and distribute skin oils. They will also blow their undercoats once or twice a year, requiring daily brushing during these heavy shedding periods. Many owners opt to have the coat trimmed shorter for easier maintenance.

As large, active dogs, old German Shepherds should be fed a high-quality, age-appropriate diet to support their growth and development. Look for a dog food that is high in protein, with quality animal proteins as the first ingredients. Avoid foods with excessive fillers, artificial preservatives, or byproducts. Your breeder or veterinarian can recommend the best diet for your individual dog‘s needs.

Finding an Old German Shepherd

Due to their rarity and the dedication required to preserve these older bloodlines, finding a true old German Shepherd can be a challenge. Many breeders advertising "old-style" or "long coat" German Shepherds are actually producing mixed-breed dogs or non-standard coat types rather than genuine old bloodlines.

To find a reputable old German Shepherd breeder, start by contacting breed clubs and organizations dedicated to preserving this variety, such as the Altdeutsche Schäferhunde Club or the Old German Shepherd Dog Club of America. These groups can provide referrals to breeders who are committed to upholding the original standards and producing healthy, sound dogs.

When evaluating a breeder, look for one who puts the well-being of the dogs first. Responsible breeders will perform a series of screenings and assessments on parent dogs before making breeding decisions, including hip and elbow x-rays, DM genetic testing, and temperament evaluations. They will provide health guarantees, registration papers, and a written contract outlining their policies and expectations for puppy buyers.

Expect to pay a premium for a well-bred old German Shepherd puppy, with prices ranging from $1,500 to $3,000 or more. However, this investment is well worth it for the peace of mind of knowing you are getting a healthy, well-socialized dog from a dedicated and knowledgeable breeder.

Why Old German Shepherds are Special

As someone who has had the privilege of sharing my life with both modern and old-style German Shepherds, I can attest to the unique charms and challenges of these majestic dogs. There is something very special about owning a piece of living history, a dog that embodies the original vision and purpose of the breed.

Old German Shepherds have a presence and nobility that is truly awe-inspiring. With their wolf-like good looks, keen intelligence, and unwavering courage, they command respect and admiration wherever they go. They are the ultimate working dog, with a versatility and stamina that is second to none.

At the same time, these dogs require a level of commitment and expertise that not every owner can provide. They are not casual pets or couch potatoes, but highly active, driven working partners that need a job to do. Owning an old German Shepherd means dedicating yourself to meeting their considerable physical and mental needs, day in and day out.

But for those who are up to the challenge, the rewards are immense. Old German Shepherds are fiercely loyal and protective, with a bond that is unbreakable. They are tireless companions on any adventure, whether it‘s a long hike in the woods, a day on the farm, or an evening curled up by your side. They are a constant source of joy, laughter, and awe, reminding us of the incredible things dogs are capable of.

As a lover of this breed, I feel a deep sense of responsibility to help preserve and protect these magnificent dogs for future generations. By supporting responsible breeders, educating the public, and advocating for the well-being of all German Shepherds, we can ensure that the legacy of the old German Shepherd lives on. These dogs may be a rare sight today, but they will always hold a cherished place in the hearts of those who know and love them.