Avocado Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASUs): A Promising Natural Approach to Canine Arthritis

As a veterinarian and lifelong dog lover, one of the most common and heartbreaking conditions I see in my practice is osteoarthritis. It‘s estimated that 20% of dogs over one year of age are affected by this degenerative joint disease, which causes chronic pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. While there is no cure for arthritis, there are many ways we can help our furry friends feel and move better. One promising natural approach that has gained attention in recent years is the use of avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASUs).

What Are Avocado Soybean Unsaponifiables?

ASUs are a mixture of fat-soluble compounds extracted from avocado and soybean oils. The unsaponifiable fraction, which makes up about 1-3% of the oils, contains a variety of bioactive molecules including:

• Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol)
• Triterpene alcohols (alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, lupeol)
• Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin E, carotenoids)
• Furan fatty acids

These plant-based compounds have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cartilage-protective effects in both human and animal studies. The most commonly used ASU mixture, sold under the trade name Piascledine, contains one part avocado unsaponifiables to two parts soybean unsaponifiables.

How Do ASUs Work in the Body?

The exact mechanisms by which ASUs exert their beneficial effects on joint health are still being uncovered, but research suggests they work through several key pathways:

1. Inhibiting inflammatory mediators – ASUs have been shown to reduce levels of pro-inflammatory compounds like prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, and cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha) in joint tissues and synovial fluid. This helps alleviate pain and swelling in arthritic joints.

2. Stimulating cartilage repair – In vitro studies on human and animal chondrocytes (cartilage cells) have found that ASUs stimulate the production of collagen and proteoglycans, two key components of healthy cartilage matrix. ASUs also inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that break down cartilage.

3. Neutralizing free radicals – The antioxidant properties of ASUs help combat oxidative stress in the joints. Free radicals like reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage cells and contribute to the development and progression of arthritis.

4. Modulating cholesterol metabolism – Some researchers believe the phytosterols in ASUs may help regulate cholesterol levels within joint tissues. Excess cholesterol can trigger inflammation and the formation of painful joint crystals.

By targeting multiple aspects of joint health, ASUs offer a unique approach to managing osteoarthritis. Let‘s take a closer look at some of the research behind their use in dogs.

The Science Behind ASUs for Canine Arthritis

While ASUs have been studied more extensively in humans and horses, there is a growing body of evidence supporting their use in dogs with osteoarthritis. Here are some key findings from the canine research to date:

• A 2004 randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics found that dogs with hip dysplasia treated with ASUs (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 months had significant improvements in lameness, pain, and mobility scores compared to placebo. The ASU group also had lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers in their synovial fluid.

• A 2007 study in the Canadian Veterinary Journal evaluated the effects of ASUs (5 mg/kg/day) in dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis. After 8 weeks, dogs receiving ASUs had significantly lower lameness scores and increased peak vertical force (a measure of weight-bearing) compared to placebo.

• A 2012 paper in the Journal of Veterinary Medicine compared the effectiveness of ASUs (10 mg/kg/day) to carprofen (a commonly prescribed NSAID) in dogs with hip and/or elbow dysplasia. Both treatments improved clinical signs, but ASUs had a greater effect on reducing lameness and increasing activity levels after 3 months.

• A 2018 systematic review published in BMC Veterinary Research concluded that "ASUs may have a positive effect on symptoms associated with hip and/or elbow osteoarthritis." The authors analyzed 4 randomized, placebo-controlled trials including a total of 258 dogs.

So what do these numbers actually mean for your arthritic pup? Let‘s put them into context:

ASU = avocado soybean unsaponifiables; all findings statistically significant (p<0.05)

While more research is certainly needed, these results suggest that ASU supplementation can provide clinically meaningful improvements in pain and mobility for a significant proportion of arthritic dogs. Many of my own patients have experienced a noticeable difference in their ability to go on walks, play, and get up from lying down after starting ASUs.

Choosing and Using ASU Supplements for Your Dog

If you‘re interested in trying ASUs for your dog‘s arthritis, the first step is to talk to your veterinarian. While ASUs are generally very safe, they may not be appropriate for dogs with certain health conditions like liver disease or bleeding disorders. Your vet can help you weigh the potential risks and benefits.

When choosing an ASU supplement, look for a product that is:

1. Specifically formulated for dogs – Avoid using human ASU supplements, as they may contain ingredients or dosages that are unsafe for pets.

2. Made by a reputable company – Look for brands that follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and have a track record of quality control and safety.

3. Standardized to contain a therapeutic dose – An effective ASU dosage based on canine studies is around 5-10 mg/kg/day. For example, a typical 50-lb arthritic dog would need about 115-230 mg of ASUs per day.

Some popular veterinary ASU supplements that meet these criteria include Dasuquin Advanced, Flexadin Advanced, and Antinol. These products also contain other joint-supportive ingredients like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids for an added boost.

Most ASU supplements come in a chewable tablet or capsule form that can be given once or twice daily with food. Some dogs will eagerly eat them as a treat, while others may need to have them hidden in a pill pocket or piece of cheese. If your dog is a picky eater, you can also try a powder or liquid formulation that can be mixed into their meals.

As with any new supplement or medication, it‘s important to start slowly and monitor your dog closely for any adverse reactions. Some dogs may experience mild digestive upset like diarrhea or decreased appetite when first starting ASUs. If this persists or worsens, discontinue use and contact your veterinarian.

It can take several weeks to a few months to see the full benefits of ASU supplementation, so be patient and don‘t get discouraged if you don‘t notice a dramatic difference right away. In my experience, many dogs show gradual but steady improvements in their mobility, pain levels, and overall quality of life with consistent use.

FAQs About ASUs for Dogs

Q: Can ASUs cure my dog‘s arthritis?

A: Unfortunately, there is no cure for osteoarthritis in dogs (or humans). The joint damage caused by this degenerative condition is irreversible. However, supplements like ASUs can help slow the progression of arthritis, reduce inflammation and pain, and improve joint function. Think of them as a tool for managing the disease, not a magic bullet.

Q: Are ASUs safe for long-term use in dogs?

A: The available research suggests that ASUs are very well-tolerated in dogs, even with extended use. In the 2004 study by Boileau et al., dogs received ASUs daily for 4 months with no reported adverse effects. However, it‘s always a good idea to have your vet monitor your dog‘s bloodwork and overall health periodically when giving any long-term supplement or medication.

Q: Can I give my dog human avocado or soybean oil instead of an ASU supplement?

A: No, it is not recommended to give your dog avocado or soybean oil as a substitute for ASUs. The specific compounds believed to be beneficial for joint health are found in the unsaponifiable fraction of these oils, which is separated out and concentrated in ASU supplements. Feeding your dog whole avocado or soybean oil would not provide a therapeutic dose of these active ingredients.

Q: My dog is allergic to chicken. Can I still give them an ASU supplement?

A: Many ASU supplements contain chicken or other animal proteins as flavoring agents. However, there are some hypoallergenic formulations available that use hydrolyzed proteins or alternative flavor bases suitable for dogs with allergies. Ask your vet for recommendations, and always check the ingredient list carefully before purchasing.

Q: What if my dog won‘t take pills or chewable supplements?

A: If you‘ve tried all the usual tricks (hiding it in food, using a pill pocket, etc.) and your dog still refuses to take their ASU supplement, don‘t despair. There are some alternative delivery methods that may work better for stubborn pups:

• Crush the tablet or open the capsule and mix the powder into a small amount of canned food, yogurt, or peanut butter
• Ask your vet about a compounded liquid or flavored suspension that can be squirted directly into your dog‘s mouth or mixed into their food
• Consider a powder or granule formulation that can be sprinkled onto meals

Just be sure to follow the dosing instructions carefully and ensure your dog consumes the entire dose each time.

Other Ways to Help Your Arthritic Dog

While ASU supplements can be a valuable addition to your dog‘s arthritis management plan, they work best when combined with other therapies such as:

• Weight management: Keeping your dog lean reduces stress on their joints and can help slow the progression of arthritis. Feed a calorie-controlled diet and avoid excessive treats.

• Low-impact exercise: Regular moderate exercise helps maintain muscle mass, joint flexibility, and circulation. Good options for arthritic dogs include walking, swimming, and gentle play. Avoid high-impact activities like running or jumping.

• Physical therapy: Techniques like massage, stretching, passive range-of-motion exercises, and hydrotherapy (underwater treadmill or pool therapy) can help reduce pain and stiffness. Consider working with a certified canine rehabilitation therapist for a customized plan.

• Environmental modifications: Make your home more comfortable for your arthritic dog with additions like ramps or stairs to avoid jumping, orthopedic bedding for joint support, raised food and water bowls, and non-slip flooring.

• Pain medication: For dogs with more severe arthritis pain, your vet may recommend a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) like carprofen, meloxicam, or deracoxib. These medications can help reduce inflammation and discomfort, but must be used carefully to avoid side effects.

• Other supplements: In addition to ASUs, there are many other joint supplements available for dogs that may provide additional benefits. These include glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, green-lipped mussel, and omega-3 fatty acids. Talk to your vet about which combination might be right for your dog.

The Bottom Line

As a vet and a lifelong dog lover, I know how difficult it can be to watch your beloved companion struggle with the pain and decreased mobility of arthritis. While there is no magic cure, I have seen firsthand the difference that a comprehensive approach to arthritis management can make in a dog‘s quality of life. Avocado soybean unsaponifiables are one promising natural therapy that may help reduce inflammation, protect cartilage, and improve joint function in arthritic dogs.

If you think your dog could benefit from ASU supplementation, talk to your veterinarian about whether it‘s an appropriate option. Be sure to choose a high-quality, dog-specific product and follow the dosing instructions carefully. Remember that ASUs work best when combined with other arthritis management strategies like weight control, low-impact exercise, and environmental modifications.

With patience, persistence, and a personalized plan, you can help your arthritic dog stay as comfortable and active as possible throughout their golden years. As someone who has seen the incredible resilience and zest for life that dogs possess, even in the face of chronic pain, I can attest to the power of never giving up on finding ways to improve their well-being. ASUs are one more tool in our arsenal to help our furry friends live their best lives, one wag at a time.