Akita Health Issues: A Comprehensive Guide for Dog Lovers
As a veterinarian and lifelong dog lover, I‘ve always been fascinated by the majestic Akita. With their powerful stature, keen intelligence, and fierce loyalty, it‘s no wonder these dogs have captured hearts around the world. But like all breeds, Akitas have their share of health concerns that owners need to be aware of. In this in-depth guide, we‘ll explore the most common Akita health issues, with a special focus on the American Akita, and provide expert advice on how to keep your furry friend healthy and thriving.
Understanding Akita Health Risks
According to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), Akitas have a higher incidence of certain genetically linked health conditions compared to mixed breed dogs. Some of the most common health problems seen in the breed include:
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a malformation of the hip joint that can lead to arthritis and mobility issues. It‘s more common in large and giant breed dogs like Akitas. In a survey of over 5,000 Akitas by the OFA, 20.2% were found to have hip dysplasia, compared to an average of 18.6% across all breeds.
| Breed | Number Evaluated | Percent Dysplastic |
|---|---|---|
| Akita | 5,323 | 20.2% |
| All Breeds | 1,709,259 | 18.6% |
Source: Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Hip Dysplasia Statistics by Breed (Jan 1974 – Dec 2022)
Symptoms of hip dysplasia may include limping, reluctance to run or climb stairs, and a "bunny hopping" gait. While hip dysplasia can‘t be cured, early diagnosis and management with weight control, joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medications, and in severe cases, total hip replacement surgery, can improve your Akita‘s quality of life.
"Advances in pain management, physical rehabilitation, and surgical options like total hip replacement are helping many dogs with hip dysplasia live comfortable, active lives well into their senior years," says Dr. James Cook, a board-certified veterinary surgeon and director of the Comparative Orthopedic Laboratory at the University of Missouri.
Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock for hip dysplasia using radiographs evaluated by the OFA or PennHIP. When selecting an Akita puppy, ask to see the parents‘ hip scores and choose a breeder who is transparent about any health issues in the pedigree.
Hypothyroidism
Akitas are predisposed to hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn‘t produce enough thyroid hormone. According to a study in the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, the prevalence of hypothyroidism in Akitas is 2.7%, compared to 0.2-0.8% in the general dog population.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include weight gain, lethargy, hair loss, dry skin and coat, and increased susceptibility to skin infections. Your vet can diagnose hypothyroidism with a blood test measuring thyroid hormone levels.
Treatment involves lifelong supplementation with synthetic thyroid hormone, usually given twice daily. With proper medication and monitoring, hypothyroid Akitas can live normal, healthy lives. Regular thyroid testing is recommended for Akitas, especially as they age.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
PRA is an inherited eye disease that leads to gradual vision loss and eventual blindness. Akitas are among the breeds at higher risk, with an estimated prevalence of 1-2%. PRA is caused by degeneration of the photoreceptor cells in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.
Early signs of PRA may include night blindness and dilated pupils. As the disease progresses, affected dogs may bump into objects, become hesitant to navigate stairs or unfamiliar spaces, and develop a cloudy appearance to their eyes.
There is no cure for PRA, but affected dogs can still live fulfilling lives with a few adjustments to their environment, such as keeping furniture in the same place, using scent markers, and providing extra guidance on walks. A genetic test is available to identify Akitas that carry the PRA gene, and responsible breeders are working to eliminate this disease from the breed.
"PRA is caused by mutations in several different genes, and we now have genetic tests available for many of these mutations," explains Dr. Andras Komaromy, a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. "By identifying carriers and affected dogs, breeders can make informed decisions to reduce the incidence of PRA in future generations."
Sebaceous Adenitis
Sebaceous adenitis is a hereditary skin disease that causes inflammation and destruction of the sebaceous glands, which produce the skin‘s natural oils. Akitas are one of the breeds most commonly affected by this condition, with an estimated prevalence of 1.7%.
Affected Akitas may develop dry, scaly skin, hair loss, and recurrent skin infections. Diagnosis is made by skin biopsy showing characteristic changes in the sebaceous glands.
While there is no cure for sebaceous adenitis, it can be managed with medicated shampoos, fatty acid supplements, and immunosuppressive medications like cyclosporine or steroids as needed. Regular grooming and skincare can help keep your Akita‘s skin and coat healthy.
"Sebaceous adenitis can be a frustrating condition to treat, but with a combination of topical therapies and systemic medications when necessary, many affected dogs can achieve a good quality of life," says Dr. Darren Berger, a board-certified veterinary dermatologist at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD)
Von Willebrand disease is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a blood clotting protein. Akitas are one of the breeds prone to type 1 vWD, the mildest form. In a study of over 15,000 dogs tested for vWD at Cornell University, 13.5% of Akitas were found to be carriers of the vWD mutation.
Affected Akitas may have excessive bleeding from minor wounds, nosebleeds, and prolonged bleeding after surgery or dental procedures. Diagnosis is made by measuring vWF levels in the blood.
There is no cure for vWD, but it can be managed by avoiding unnecessary surgeries, using clotting medications before unavoidable procedures, and giving blood transfusions in emergencies. A genetic test is available to identify carriers of the vWD gene.
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)
Bloat is a life-threatening emergency in which the stomach fills with gas and twists on itself, cutting off blood supply. Deep-chested breeds like Akitas are at higher risk. In a study of over 1,900 dogs treated for GDV at referral hospitals, 8.5% were Akitas.
Symptoms of bloat come on suddenly and include restlessness, unproductive retching, enlarged abdomen, and rapid shallow breathing. Without prompt treatment, dogs can go into shock and die within hours.
Bloat requires immediate stabilization and emergency surgery to decompress the stomach and return it to its normal position. Even with prompt care, the mortality rate for GDV is estimated at 10-30%.
Prevention is key, especially for high-risk breeds like Akitas. Feeding smaller meals throughout the day, avoiding exercise for an hour after meals, and considering a preventive gastropexy surgery can help reduce the risk of bloat.
"For Akitas and other at-risk breeds, I strongly recommend discussing a prophylactic gastropexy with your veterinarian," advises Dr. Laura Nelson, a board-certified veterinary surgeon at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine. "This surgery can be done at the time of spay or neuter and significantly reduces the risk of GDV later in life."
Keeping Your Akita Healthy Over a Lifetime
As a large breed with some genetic health predispositions, Akitas benefit from a proactive approach to health and wellness. Here are some key strategies to help your Akita live their best life at every stage:
Puppyhood (0-18 months)
- Choose a responsible breeder who performs OFA health tests on parents
- Feed a large breed puppy food to support controlled growth and joint health
- Begin socialization and positive reinforcement training early
- Follow your vet‘s recommendations for vaccines, deworming, and parasite prevention
- Consider a prophylactic gastropexy during spay/neuter
Adulthood (18 months – 6 years)
- Feed a high-quality adult dog food and avoid obesity
- Provide plenty of exercise and mental stimulation with long walks and training
- Brush and groom regularly to promote skin and coat health
- Stay up-to-date on dental cleanings and at-home dental care
- Schedule annual vet check-ups with bloodwork to catch any issues early
Seniorhood (7+ years)
- Switch to a senior dog food with added joint support
- Monitor for signs of arthritis, hypothyroidism, vision loss, and other age-related changes
- Consider supplements like omega-3s, glucosamine, and CBD for joint and brain health
- Keep up with twice-yearly vet visits and screenings for common cancers
- Make accommodations at home for any mobility or vision impairments
- Most of all, cherish the golden years with your loyal companion
"Akitas are such a devoted, intelligent, and impressive breed. As owners and veterinarians, it‘s our job to be their advocates and make sure they get the care they need to thrive at every life stage," reflects Dr. Karen Halligan, renowned TV veterinarian and author. "Yes, they may have some breed-specific health concerns, but with knowledge, prevention, and a trusted vet on your team, Akitas can absolutely live long, vibrant, love-filled lives."
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the average lifespan of an Akita?
A: The average lifespan of an Akita is 10-12 years, which is typical for a large breed dog. However, some Akitas have been known to live well into their teens with good care.
Q: Are Akitas prone to any cancers?
A: Like many large breeds, Akitas have an increased risk for certain cancers, especially osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and lymphoma. Regular vet check-ups and screenings can help catch any cancers early.
Q: Do Akitas have any special dietary needs?
A: Akitas do best on a high-quality, balanced dog food appropriate for their life stage and activity level. As a large breed prone to joint issues, a food with added glucosamine and chondroitin may be beneficial. Avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity.
Q: How much exercise do Akitas need?
A: Akitas are a working breed with moderate to high exercise needs. They require at least an hour of physical activity per day, split into two or more walks or play sessions. Mental stimulation through training is also important.
Q: Can Akitas live happily with other pets?
A: Akitas have a strong prey drive and can be aggressive towards other dogs, especially those of the same sex. Early socialization and training are essential if you want your Akita to coexist peacefully with other animals. Many do best as the only pet in the household.
Q: How can I find a reputable Akita breeder?
A: Look for a breeder who is a member of the Akita Club of America and follows their code of ethics. A good breeder will perform OFA health tests on breeding stock, provide a written health guarantee, and ask you questions to ensure their puppies are going to suitable homes. Avoid breeders who always have puppies available or sell to pet stores.
Wrap-Up: Akitas Are Worth the Effort!
As we‘ve seen, Akitas are a magnificent breed with some unique health challenges. But for those of us who love these loyal, courageous dogs, the rewards far outweigh the risks. By educating yourself about Akita health issues, choosing a responsible breeder, and working closely with your veterinarian, you can set your Akita up for a lifetime of health and happiness.
Remember, your vet is always your ally in making sure your furry friend stays in tip-top shape. Never hesitate to reach out with any concerns or questions, no matter how small. The human-canine bond is a precious thing, and together, we can help our beloved Akitas live their very best lives by our sides. Here‘s to many joyful years of slobbery kisses, wagging tails, and unconditional love!
